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The main palace beys are those of La Marsa, Bardo and Ksar Said. It covers 1,675,300 square km (646,800 square miles) in Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia, and Western Sahara. During this period, one of the famous travellers to Tunis was Ibn Battuta. [66] The park covers an area of more than one hundred hectares across roads that can be explored on foot or by car. Furthermore, along the boulevards, the contribution of the architectural period 1850–1950 can be felt in the buildings, such as the government buildings of the nine ministries and the headquarters of the municipality of Tunis. The first animated film was shown in Tunis by the Lumiere brothers as early as 1896. It represents, in the 2004 census, 9.9% of the total population of Tunisia. After independence, the Tunisian government implemented a plan to cope with population growth of the city and country, a system of family planning, to attempt to lower the rate of population growth. Under the rule of deys and Moorish beys, the capital sprang into new life. There are also some mentions in ancient Roman sources of such names of nearby towns as Tuniza (now El Kala), Thunusuda (now Sidi-Meskin), Thinissut (now Bir Bouregba), and Thunisa (now Ras Jebel). Decolonization led to the exodus of some European minorities whose numbers dwindled every year. In 1985, the PLO's headquarters was bombed by Israeli Air Force F-15s, killing approximately 60 people. In Tunis, the summers are short, hot, humid, dry, and clear and the winters are long, cold, windy, and partly cloudy. After the war, the city faced new transformations as the modern portion grew in importance and extended its network of boulevards and streets in all directions. [14] In the system of Roman roads for the Roman province of Africa, Tunis had the title of mutatio ("way station, resting place"). In Tunis, the average high-temperature is almost the same as in March - an agreeable 22.4°C (72.3°F). They all greeted them and were very curious, many were asking questions, however, no one in Tunis personally greeted Ibn Battuta, greatly upsetting him. Tunis has some of the most important libraries in Tunisia including the National Library of Tunisia which was first installed in 1924 in the Medina, in a building built in 1810 by Hammouda Bey to serve as barracks for troops and then a jail. Tunis has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa), characterized by hot and dry, prolonged summers and mild winters with moderate rainfall. The Arab League, which represents 22 Arab nations, transferred its headquarters to Tunis in 1979 because of Egypt's peace with Israel but has been headquartered back in Egypt since 1990. The main and oldest of them, is the Al-Zaytuna Mosque, founded in 698 and built in 732 and is in the heart of the Medina. In 1955 he placed his student Mohamed Saâda in charge of the ensemble, which at that time included the best artists, and later merged with the ensemble of Radio Tunis. Some scholars relate it to the Phoenician goddess Tanith ('Tanit or Tanut), as many ancient cities were named after patron deities. The Métro léger de Tunis network has extended gradually since then to reach the suburbs. North of the Al-Zaytuna Mosque is the Souk El Attarine, built in the early 18th century. [32] Five Japanese, two Colombians, and visitors from Italy, Poland, and Spain were among the dead. The Tunis area is served by the métro léger (Ar. In 1159, the Almohad 'Abd al-Mu'min took Tunis, overthrew the last Khurasanid leader and installed a new government in the kasbah of Tunis. The ancient city of Carthage is located just north of Tunis along the coastal part. The National Center of the Arts established the puppet theatre in 1976. When the Arab Muslim troops conquered the region at the end of the 7th century, they established themselves at the outskirts of ancient Tunes, and the small town soon became the city of Tunis that could easily be taken for an Arab foundation. These hills contain places such as Notre-Dame de Tunis, Ras Tabia, La Rabta, La Kasbah, Montfleury and La Manoubia with altitudes just above 50 metres (160 feet). [81] At the beginning of the 18th century, Tunisia entered into a new period in its history with the advent of the Husainid dynasty. Environment The quiet environmental disaster in Tunisia. The climate here is mild, and generally warm and temperate. The city spilled outside the area of the earlier town and the banks of the lake, and the new districts were modernised with running water (1860), lighting gas (1872), roads, waste collection (1873), and communication with adjacent suburbs and the city centre. In a very short time, the colonial city transformed rapidly. [63] Youssef Dey Mosque operated primarily as public speaking venue before becoming a real mosque in 1631. However, urban growth, which is estimated to be increasing by 500 hectares per year, is gradually changing the landscape with urban sprawl. It is the oldest public park in the country and is built in the landscape style common to France. Judaism, meanwhile, enjoys a long tradition of presence in the city despite the emigration of a large part of the community after independence. It was their last base in Africa, as they retreated towards Sicily after being surrounded by Allied forces from Algeria to the west and from Libya to the east. Profits obtained from the trade in Christian slaves allowed the rulers to build sumptuous structures that revived the architectural heritage of the Middle Ages.[15]. [15] The Almohad conquest marked the beginning of the dominance of the city in Tunisia. [82], Tunis is served by Tunis-Carthage International Airport, located 8 kilometers (5.0 mi) northeast of downtown, which began operating in 1940 under the name of Tunis El Aouina. April is an agreeable spring month in Tunis, Tunisia, with temperature in the range of an average high of 22.4°C (72.3°F) and an average low of 12.8°C (55°F). During each "cultural season" (from October 1 to 30 June) the theater holds over 80 events. Al Hamra was one of the most famous theaters in the capital during the 1930s and 1940s. It belongs to the Patriarchate of Alexandria and All Africa, and its cathedral, small school and other buildings are in Central Tunis. Annual Weather Averages Near Tunis. In addition, groundwater is easily accessible through the drilling of deep wells, providing water for the different agriculture crops. An abrupt southward turn of the Mediterranean coast in northern Tunisia gives the country two distinctive Mediterranean coasts, west–east in the north, and north–south in the east During World War II, Tunis was held by Axis forces from November 1942 to May 1943. The Museum of the National Movement is situated in Dar Maâkal Az-Zaïm, which was the residence of nationalist Habib Bourguiba for the entirety of the fight for independence. Today, each district has its culture and rivalries can be strong. Tunis is the seat of the Diocese of Tunis, with the seat located at the Cathedral of St Vincent de Paul, The church was built in 1897 on the site of the old Christian cemetery of Saint-Antoine. Tunisia is in the northern part of Africa. Tunis was one of the first towns in the region to fall under Carthaginian control, and in the centuries that followed Tunis was mentioned in the military histories associated with Carthage. Until independence, Sadiki College (founded 1875) and Khaldounia (founded 1896) were also among the most recognized. In 1964 the Dar Ben Abdallah, a palace probably dating back to the 18th century, became the seat of the capital's Museum of Arts and Popular Traditions. On both sides of the tree lines avenue, north and south, the city was extended in various districts, with the northern end welcoming residential and business districts while the south receives industrial districts and poorer peoples. The city became the capital of a Hafsid kingdom stretching towards Tripoli and Fez. اÙÙر٠Of these Douz, south of Kebili, is the most famous Saharian destination of Tunisia (known as the Sahara Gate). Compared to the ancient ruins of Carthage, the ruins of ancient Tunis are not as large. The Arab geographer El Yacoubi has written that in the 9th century Tunis was surrounded by a wall of brick and clay except the side of the sea where it was stone. Revenues are generated by the proceeds of taxes on buildings and vacant lots, fees for the rental of municipal property, income from the operation of the public, advertising, and that the fact that the municipality has capital shares in some companies. In the early 14th century, Hafsid Darba Abû al-Muhammad al-Mustansir Lihyânî ordered the construction of a second chamber including the Medina and two suburbs outside. Abu Yahya arrived on horseback, where all of his relatives joined him. Bab Souika (initially known as Bab El Saqqayin) had a strategic role to keep the roads to Bizerte, Béja and Le Kef. As the city has grown and native Tunisians gradually began to replace the extensive European population, conflict between the Arab city and the European city has gradually decreased with the arabization of the population. The small Orthodox community is centred around the Greek Orthodox Church (1862), managed by the Greek Embassy and the Russian Orthodox Church (1957), reflecting the presence in Tunisia of a small colony of Russian immigrants.[63]. [23] Under the reign of Hussein Bey II, naval defeats by the British (1826) and French (1827) saw the French become increasingly active in the city and in the economy.[24]. [84] In the 21st Century, the port of Tunis underwent further transformation with a marina as part of the redevelopment district of La Petite Sicile. On the expenditure side, provision is made for the consolidation of hygiene and cleanliness, the state of the environment and urban design, infrastructure maintenance, rehabilitation and renovation of facilities, and strengthening the logistics and means of work and transport.[48]. In Greater Tunis, the proportion of young unemployed is at 35%.[52]. They support a range of residential and commercial buildings. The Carthage Film Festival is the oldest established film festival in Africa, running biennially until 2014 and annually thereafter. Southwest of the Medina, on the crest of the hills across the Isthmus of Tunis, is the Montfleury district then on down to the foothills of Séjoumi, the poor neighborhood of Mellassine. Bab El Bhar located 7 metres (23 feet) above sea level, Hammouda Pasha Mosque in El Kasbah is located 23 metres (75 feet) above sea level. The Olympic stadium and village area was built to accommodate the Mediterranean Games in 1967. But football is not the only discipline to emerge. In the middle there is a square where the former slave market stood until the middle of the 19th century. Following the municipal elections of 6 May 2018, Ennahdha obtained 21 seats out of 60. The precipitation also greatly varies, as the north receives significantly more rainfall than the south. Because its culture and records were destroyed by the Romans at the end of the Third Punic War, very few Carthaginian primary historical sources survive. The people in the city assembled in large numbers to celebrate the festival, in extravagant and most luxurious outfits. It forms a natural bridge and since ancient times several major roads linking to Egypt and elsewhere in Tunisia have branched out from it. Such an operation would require the upgrading of the docks' TGM stations so that they become suitable for light rail trains. A regional gymnastics competition was held in Tunis in 1912 with the participation of thousands of French gymnasts. The areas of northern Tunisia that draw the most tourists have a typical Mediterranean climate, with hot, dry summers and mild, occasionally rainy winters. Also to the north is the long Avenue Mohamed V, which leads to the Boulevard of 7 November through the neighborhood of the big banks where there are hotels and Abu Nawas Lake and finally to the Belvedere area around the place Pasteur. The other 60% is a fertile area. : المترو الخفيف لمدينة تونس) and TGM (Tunis-Goulette-Marsa), as well as bus services, and is linked to other places in Tunisia by SNCFT, the national railways. You can expect the combination of African and Mediterranean climate. Football made its appearance in the capital on 15 September 1904, followed by the formal creation of the country's first league, the Racing Club Tunis, on 11 May 1905. On the stage of this theater, many performances are regularly given by Tunisian, Arabic and international actors. Bab Menara (initially known as Bab El Artha) opened onto the medina and on the suburb of El Haoua. Bab Cartagena gave access to Carthage, important for bringing in construction materials needed for the city. In total the governorate of Tunis registered 24,095 licences for various clubs in the municipal area in 2007. To traditional industry and trade with distant lands was added the activity of the Barbary pirates, then in their golden age. He felt very lonely and could not hold back the tears coming from his eyes. 1881 - French troops occupy Tunis. The main conflicts and potentially destructive human behavior has been experienced in the city occurred relatively recently following the country's independence which it why it made into a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1979. This small independent kingdom picked up the threads of trade and commerce with other nations, and brought the region back to peace and prosperity.[19]. The growing metropolitan area is served by an extensive network of public transportation including buses, an above-ground light rail system (le Metro), as well a regional train line (the TGM) that links the city centre to its closest northern suburbs. [63] The Sidi Mahrez Mosque is the largest mosque Hanafi mosque in terms of area but not the tallest. The temperatures are mild along the coast. The Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria also maintains jurisdiction in Tunisia. The Olympic village was financed by an investment estimated at 50 million dinars. Along with destinations like Egypt and Turkey, Tunisia has claimed a good slice of the Mediterranean summer holiday market, making June to August a popular time for coastal resorts. The climate can be divided into two major areas, the north, influenced by the Mediterranean, and the south, influenced by the Saharan desert. The average annual temperature is 18.1 °C | 64.6 °F in Tunis. and Tourbet El Fellari, Tourbet Aziza Othman and Tourbet El Bey the number of monuments in Tunis approaches 600. Among the high schools in the capital, the best-known are the Lycée de la Rue du Pacha (founded 1900), Lycée Bab El Khadhra, Lycée de la Rue de Russie, Lycée Bourguiba (formerly Lycée Carnot de Tunis), and the Lycée Alaoui. Demographics The climate here is classified as Csa by the Köppen-Geiger system. [53] The urban unemployment rate of university graduates is increasing and the illiteracy rate remains high among the elderly (27% of women and 12% of men). After independence and following the consolidation of programs of education, the association ceased operations but the library is now linked to the National Library, which provides for its management. In 1993, it also took possession of the former movie theater Le Paris, with a 350-person seating capacity. The planning of the Medina of Tunis has the distinction of not grid lines or formal geometric compositions. The Greater Tunis area has an area of 300,000 hectares, 30,000 of which is urbanized, the rest being shared between bodies of water (20,000 hectares of lakes or lagoons) and agricultural or natural land (250,000 hectares). It is bordered by Algeria on the west and Libya on the south east. Charles, suffering losses from the corsairs operating out of Djerba, Tunis, and Algiers, agreed to reinstate Mulai Hassan in exchange for his acceptance of Spanish suzerainty. In addition, private training institutes include the Open University of Tunis, the Central University Private Business Administration and Technology, the Graduate School of Private Engineering and Technology, and the North African Institute of Economics and Technology. Under French rule, a substantial number of Europeans settled (like the Tunisian Italians); half of the population was European in origin. Although some palaces and houses date back to the Middle Ages, a greater number of prestigious houses were built in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries such as Dar Othman (early 17th century), Dar Ben Abdallah (18th century), Dar Hussein, Dar Cherif and other houses. Tunisia's climate is temperate in the north, with mild rainy winters and hot, dry summers. [78] The library moved to its current location on Boulevard 9 April in 1938. The revised Tunisian Constitution of 2014 similarly provides that the National Assembly is to sit in Tunis (article 51) and that the Presidency is based there (article 73).[47]. About 448 mm | 17.6 inch of precipitation falls annually. temperatures, humidity and precipation. The Medina also has a social sectorization: with the neighborhood of Tourbet el Bey and the Kasbah district being aristocratic, with a population of judges and politicians, while the streets of Pacha often being military and bourgeois. In his travel account, when Ibn Battuta and his group arrived in Tunis, the population of the city came out to meet him and the other the members of his party. The Tunis lies on 3m above sea level The climate here is mild, and generally warm and temperate. The 2005 World Championship final for men in team handball was played in Tunis. The winters are rainier than the summers in Tunis. The medina contains most of the major mosques in the capital which were built before the advent of the French protectorate. As for El Bab Bhar, it allowed access to some funduqs where Christian merchants lived in Tunis. Patriarchate of Alexandria and All Africa, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Graduate School of Communications of Tunis, Higher Institute of Technological Studies in Communications of Tunis, List of twin towns and sister cities in Tunisia, European enclaves in North Africa before 1830, "Tunisia: Governorates, Major Cities, Communes & Urban Agglomerations", "The Neo-Punic Inscriptions and Coin Legends", "Carthage – 1960, Page 11 by B. H. Warmington. From this souk, there is a street leading to the Souk Ech-Chaouachine (chachia). The incident has been treated as a terrorist attack.[33][34]. The east coast, from the Gulf of Hammamet towards the south, receives little rainfall, which decreases from north to south, to the point that the southernmost part … Because of the concentration of political authority (headquarters of the central government, presidency, parliament, ministries and central government) and culture (festivals and mainstream media), Tunis is the only nationally ranking metropolis. This is where the Belvedere Park lies, the largest in the city, and home to a zoo and the Pasteur Institute founded by Adrien Loir in 1893. In addition, various small theatres and cultural centres are scattered throughout the city and display various artistic performances. An abrupt southward turn of the Mediterranean coast in northern Tunisia gives the country two distinctive Mediterranean coasts, west–east in the north, and north–south in the east. As of 2020[update], it is the fourth-largest city in the Maghreb region (after Casablanca and Algiers and Tripoli) and the sixteenth-largest in the Arab world. Mongi Gharbi, « Trombes d'eau sur Tunis et certains gouvernorats du pays », "Les normales climatiques en Tunisie entre 1981 2010", "Réseau des stations météorologiques synoptiques de la Tunisie", "Tunis-Carthage Climate Normals 1961–1990", Constitution de la République tunisienne (Jurisite Tunisie), http://www.legislation.tn/sites/default/files/news/constitution-b-a-t.pdf, Budget de la municipalité de Tunis pour l'année 2008 (Municipalité de Tunis), Arrondissements municipaux (Municipalité de Tunis), Population, répartition proportionnelle et taux d'accroissement par gouvernorat (Institut national de la statistique), Stratégie de développement de la ville de Tunis (Municipalité de Tunis), Fiche de présentation de la médina (Association de sauvegarde de la médina de Tunis), Entretien avec Jamila Binous sur la médina de Tunis (TV5), Promenade de Marie-Ange Nardi et Lotfi Bahri dans les souks de Tunis (TV5), "Contextuality, Contextualization, and the New Christians of Tunis", "Saudi Aramco World : The Musical Pulse of Tunisia", Musique et conservatoires (Municipalité de Tunis), "The Cultural Importance Of The Tunisian Carthage Film Festival", "The Carthage Film Festival celebrates its 50th birthday", Statistiques officielles (Ministère de l'éducation nationale), Chokri Ben Nessir, « Une véritable requalification routière ». [29], Having succeeded in driving the Axis powers out of Tunisia, the Allies used Tunis as a base of operations from which to stage amphibious assaults first against the island of Pantelleria, and then Sicily, and finally the mainland of Italy.[30]. Climate is the long-term average of weather, typically averaged over a period of 30 years. Sea breezes may mitigate the heat, but sometimes the sirocco winds reverse the trend. Different explanations exist for the origin of the name Tunis. In summer, rain is almost completely absent and the sunlight is at a maximum. Climate Change Information Climate Risk Profile: Tunisia (2018, 7 pages) The average annual temperature is 18.1 °C | 64.6 °F in Tunis. The notion of public space is ambiguous in the case of Medina where the streets are seen as an extension of the houses and subject to social tags. Acquired in the late 1970s by the municipality of Tunis, the house was restored in 1983 into a library.[78]. The first true sports facilities were managed under the French protectorate, as illustrated by the development of the Ksar Said racecourse and construction of the Stade Chedli Zouiten in the neighborhood of Belvedere, which had long been the main stadium in the capital before being supplanted by the Olympic stadium, Stade El Menzah, where EST and CA play their football today.
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