Photographs of Japan
While a motorised breakout might have been possible in the first few weeks, the 6th Army now had insufficient fuel and the German soldiers would have faced great difficulty breaking through the Soviet lines on foot in harsh winter conditions. [43], The Soviets had enough warning of the German advance to ship grain, cattle, and railway cars across the Volga out of harm's way, but Stalin refused to evacuate the 400,000 civilian residents trapped in Stalingrad. The Germans cut the pipeline from the oilfields when they captured Rostov on 23 July. The field at Zverevo was attacked repeatedly on 18 January and a further 50 Ju 52s were destroyed. Voir plus d'idées sur le thème bataille de stalingrad, bataille, guerre. [99]:283[100]:929 The German High Command informed Paulus, "Every day that the army holds out longer helps the whole front and draws away the Russian divisions from it. The Soviet Air Force, the Voyenno-Vozdushnye Sily (VVS), was swept aside by the Luftwaffe. [38] The Italians were forced to retreat only after a massive armoured attack in which German reinforcements failed to arrive in time, according to a German historian. He denied that he was the commander of the remaining northern pocket in Stalingrad and refused to issue an order in his name for them to surrender. As General Chuikov acknowledged, "Remembering the defence of Stalingrad, I can't overlook the very important question ... about the role of women in war, in the rear, but also at the front. There was nothing we could do for them.[125]. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBeevor1999 (, Alexander Werth, Russia at War 1941–1945, New York, E. P. Dutton & Co, Inc., 1964, p. 562. Grâce à une contre-attaque soviétique, l’usine Barricade put continuer à produire ses chars d’assaut. – 863 с. VIII. [24]:915, Similarly, on the southern flank of the Stalingrad sector the front southwest of Kotelnikovo was held only by the Romanian 4th Army. The 4th Panzer Army, ordered south on 13 July to block the Soviet retreat "weakened by the 17th Army and the 1st Panzer Army", had turned northwards to help take the city from the south. [67] At least three women won the title Hero of the Soviet Union while driving tanks at Stalingrad.[69]. 490 000 morts et 600 000 blessés. Glantz, David (2011), 'After Stalingrad: The Red Army's Winter Offensive 1942–1943', Helion and Company, This page was last edited on 31 January 2021, at 07:54. The Romanian Air Force lost 79 aircraft, most of them captured on the ground along with their airfields. 227 of 27 July 1942 decreed that all commanders who ordered unauthorised retreats would be subject to a military tribunal. Brown University historian Omer Bartov claims they were motivated by National Socialism. Paulus testified for the prosecution during the Nuremberg Trials and assured families in Germany that those soldiers taken prisoner at Stalingrad were safe. [118] More Soviet tanks were destroyed as they overran the Romanian airfields. Venez mettre un message sur le livre d'or ! "[33]:87–91, 95, 129. [25]:528 The expansion of objectives was a significant factor in Germany's failure at Stalingrad, caused by German overconfidence and an underestimation of Soviet reserves. [47] Deserters and presumed malingerers were captured or executed after fighting. The wings of the 6th Army and the 4th Panzer Army met near Jablotchni along the Zaritza on 2 Sept.[33]:65 By 1 September, the Soviets could only reinforce and supply their forces in Stalingrad by perilous crossings of the Volga under constant bombardment by artillery and aircraft. [23] The Axis flanks were overrun and the 6th Army was cut off and surrounded in the Stalingrad area. [70] The Soviet command moved units from the Red Army strategic reserve in the Moscow area to the lower Volga, and transferred aircraft from the entire country to the Stalingrad region. [77], From 5 to 12 September, Luftflotte 4 conducted 7,507 sorties (938 per day). The Soviets were initially surprised by the number of Germans they had trapped, and had to reinforce their encircling troops. Blau finally opened as Army Group South began its attack into southern Russia on 28 June 1942. In that basement [...] there were still two hundred Germans—dying of hunger and frostbite. The neighborhood is home to 2703 hotels and other accommodations, so you can find something that works for your stay. Army Group South (A), under the command of Wilhelm List, was to continue advancing south towards the Caucasus as planned with the 17th Army and First Panzer Army. He acknowledged the heavy moral sacrifice that giving up Stalingrad would mean, but this would be made easier to bear by conserving the combat power of the Sixth Army and regaining the initiative. 51 reviews of La Rotonde Stalingrad "This is for the Bar du Coin only. [41]:108[46] In the early stages of the battle, the NKVD organised poorly armed "Workers' militias" similar to those that had defended the city twenty-four years earlier, composed of civilians not directly involved in war production for immediate use in the battle. Ninety percent of the living space in the Voroshilovskiy area was destroyed. Of his questions to Army Group Don, Paulus was told, "Wait, implement Operation 'Thunderclap' only on explicit orders!" Poised in Eastern Ukraine, it was to spearhead the offensive. For a moment, I wished that the whole of Germany were there to see it. Jusque la fin de la bataille, on compte environ 300 000 pertes civiles, et un million de soldats. Due to a limited number of available aircraft and having only one available airfield, at Pitomnik, the Luftwaffe could only deliver 105 tonnes of supplies per day, only a fraction of the minimum 750 tonnes that both Paulus and Zeitzler estimated the 6th Army needed. Merridale, Catherine. 25 Degré Est was easily the best place we ate in Paris. Both sides began to attach propaganda value to the city, which bore the name of the Soviet leader. The attack was supported by intense Luftwaffe bombing that reduced much of the city to rubble. A massive traffic jam resulted when the 4th Panzer and the 1st Panzer choked the roads, stopping both dead while they cleared the mess of thousands of vehicles. Both objectives were retaken, but only temporarily. 76 reviews of 25º Est "We ate here last October while in Paris on our honeymoon. Du 13 septembre au 18 novembre 1942, la VIe armée allemande, la VIIIe armée italienne du général Gariboldi et les IIIe et IVe armées roumaines des généraux Dumitrescu et Constantinescu attaquèrent la ville à maintes reprises. This artillery was able to bombard the German positions or at least provide counter-battery fire. The start of Case Blue had been planned for late May 1942. The 6th Army now was beyond all hope of German relief. Sensing that this was the last chance for a breakout, Manstein pleaded with Hitler on 18 December, but Hitler refused. In the region of location of the 38th Motorised Rifle Brigade in a basement eighteen armed SS-men (sic) were found, who refused to surrender, the Germans found were destroyed.[124]. The Germans began using the armies of their Italian, Hungarian and Romanian allies to guard their left (northern) flank. [41]:106 Civilians, including women and children, were put to work building trenchworks and protective fortifications. Army Group South was selected for a sprint forward through the southern Russian steppes into the Caucasus to capture the vital Soviet oil fields there. After a few weeks on such a diet, he had "visibly lost weight", according to Albert Speer, and Hitler "commanded Zeitzler to resume at once taking sufficient nourishment. Manstein, however, who knew that Sixth Army could not survive the winter there, instructed his headquarters to draw up a further plan in the event of Hitler's seeing sense. Though initially successful, the German attacks stalled in the face of Soviet reinforcements brought in from across the Volga. There is a hope of clearing North Africa of Germans in the near future... Russia is scoring wonderful successes in Southern Russia. At four in the morning on 2 February, Strecker was informed that one of his own officers had gone to the Soviets to negotiate surrender terms. Overy, Richard. Manstein now saw the enormous technical difficulties of a supply by air of these dimensions. Anton Joly, Stalingrad Battle Atlas, Volume II (2017), 178-302. The forces under the 6th Army were almost twice as large as a regular German army unit, plus there was also a corps of the 4th Panzer Army trapped in the pocket. Hence it was ineffective in relieving the 6th army. [74] In response to the German breakthrough to the Volga, the front headquarters committed three battalions from the 300th Rifle Division and the 45th Rifle Division of Colonel Vasily Sokolov, a substantial force of over 2,000 men, to the fighting at the Red October Factory. [109], The central pocket, under the command of Heitz, surrendered the same day, while the northern pocket, under the command of General Karl Strecker, held out for two more days. As a tourist in Paris, that means it was the complete opposite of anywhere we ate closer to central Paris. Winter weather conditions, technical failures, heavy Soviet anti-aircraft fire and fighter interceptions eventually led to the loss of 488 German aircraft. [39], On 25 July the Germans faced stiff resistance with a Soviet bridgehead west of Kalach. [91] Manstein was tasked to conduct a relief operation, named Operation Winter Storm (Unternehmen Wintergewitter) against Stalingrad, which he thought was feasible if the 6th Army was temporarily supplied through the air. Germany's Sixth Army had ceased to exist, and the forces of Germany's European allies, except Finland, had been shattered. [4]:195 Determined to crush Soviet resistance, Luftflotte 4's Stukawaffe flew 900 individual sorties against Soviet positions at the Stalingrad Tractor Factory on 5 October. Les allemands bombardent la ville avec une rare violence fin août, causant la destruction de 80% des immeubles et la mort de 10% des habitants. Although German forces led a strong attack into Soviet territory, a strategic counteroffensive by Soviet forces flanked and surrounded a large body of German troops, eventually forcing them to surrender. However, according to Adam, "On not one single day have the minimal essential number of tons of supplies been flown in. The Germans used aircraft, tanks and heavy artillery to clear the city with varying degrees of success. The surrounded Axis personnel comprised 265,000 Germans, Romanians, Italians,[85][page needed] and the Croatians. [135] Soviet propaganda spared no effort and wasted no time in capitalising on the triumph, impressing a global audience. Elsewhere, the war had been progressing well: the U-boat offensive in the Atlantic had been very successful and Erwin Rommel had just captured Tobruk. The Stukas claimed 41 of the 106 Soviet tanks knocked out that morning, while escorting Bf 109s destroyed 77 Soviet aircraft. The northern flank was defended by Hungarian and Romanian units, often in open positions on the steppes. Rokossovsky's letter also stressed that Paulus' men were in an untenable situation. STALINGRAD 13 Septembre 1942 La bataille de Stalingrad a pour enjeu les champs de pétroles du Caucase. One thrust would come from the area of Kotelnikovo, well to the south, and around a hundred miles from the Sixth Army. The Battle of Stalingrad was won by the Soviet Union against a German offensive that attempted to take the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd, Russia) during World War II. |type=transcript [44] After 23 January, there were no more reported landings, just intermittent air drops of ammunition and food until the end. Place de la Bataille-de-Stalingrad Hotels Flights to Paris Things to do in Paris Car Rentals in Place de la Bataille-de-Stalingrad Paris Vacation Packages France may have travel restrictions in place, including self-quarantine, due to COVID-19. By 19 December the German army was in full retreat out of the Caucasus, while using the Sixth Army to tie down the Soviet forces. [40] It has been said that Stalin prevented civilians from leaving the city in the belief that their presence would encourage greater resistance from the city's defenders. Poor weather prevented effective air action against the Soviet offensive. These losses amounted to about 50 percent of the aircraft committed and the Luftwaffe training program was stopped and sorties in other theatres of war were significantly reduced to save fuel for use at Stalingrad. 114,000 Italians and 105,000 Hungarians were killed, wounded or captured (from December 1942 to February 1943). "We haven't had time to deal with them yet," one of the Russians said. The destruction of an entire army (the largest killed, captured, wounded figures for Axis soldiers, nearly 1 million, during the war) and the frustration of Germany's grand strategy made the battle a watershed moment. Initially, supply flights came in from the field at Tatsinskaya,[33]:159 called 'Tazi' by the German pilots. La victoire de Stalingrad marque le début de la contre-offensive soviétique en direction de l'ouest et de l'Allemagne. The restaurant had a nice vibe to it, the staff was extremely friendly, and the prices were great. Apprenez d'experts en Bataille de Stalingrad comme Prit Buttar et Richard Harrison. La ville devient un gigantesque champ de ruines infernal où la guerre urbaine fait rage. Marked by fierce close-quarters combat and direct assaults on civilians in air raids, it is one of the bloodiest battles in the history of warfare, with an estimated 2 million total casualties. "As quick as lightning, the Panzergrenadiers jumped from their wagons. "[104] Paulus notified Hitler that his men would likely collapse before the day was out. Staying Near Place de la Bataille-de-Stalingrad. Reviews: Read through the and find out what other Hotwire hackers loved about Place de la Bataille-de-Stalingrad; We have 12042 of the best hotels near Place de la Bataille-de-Stalingrad ready for you to snag. L'hiver 1941-1942 et la résistance des Soviétiques avaient bloqué l'armée allemande devant Léningrad, Moscou et le fleuve Don. "[33]:119, 127, 131, 134 The Luftwaffe was able to deliver an average of 85 tonnes of supplies per day out of an air transport capacity of 106 tonnes per day. Memory, Images from the Battle of Stalingrad (Getty), The photo album of Wehrmacht NCO named Nemela of 9. Certains même se suicident. The square lies at the intersection of the Canal de l'Ourcq and the Canal Saint-Martin. [4][Note 8] To supplement the limited number of Junkers Ju 52 transports, the Germans pressed other aircraft into the role, such as the Heinkel He 177 bomber (some bombers performed adequately – the Heinkel He 111 proved to be quite capable and was much faster than the Ju 52). [33]:203, On 30 January 1943, the 10th anniversary of Hitler's coming to power, Goebbels read out a proclamation that included the sentence: "The heroic struggle of our soldiers on the Volga should be a warning for everybody to do the utmost for the struggle for Germany's freedom and the future of our people, and thus in a wider sense for the maintenance of our entire continent. Mais deux semaines plus tard, il demande à Hitler l'autorisation de capituler, mais Hitler oblige le général Paulus à rester à Stalingrad et à la défendre coûte que coûte. These operations opened the Winter Campaign of 1942–1943 (19 November 1942 – 3 March 1943), which involved some fifteen Armies operating on several fronts. By mid-November, the Germans had pushed the Soviet defenders back at great cost into narrow zones along the west bank of the Volga River. 206–07 quotes Zeitzler as pressing Goering about his boast that the Luftwaffe could airlift the needed supplies: "Are you aware ... how many daily sorties the army in Stalingrad will need? The Red Army gradually adopted a strategy to hold for as long as possible all the ground in the city. The 16th Panzer was shocked to find that, due to Soviet manpower shortages, it had been fighting female soldiers. Location of army's units is as it was previously. They assembled tanks from leftover parts at the tractor factory. Some 1,000 tons of bombs were dropped in 48 hours, more than in London at the height of the Blitz. At this point, the Don and Volga Rivers are only 65 km (40 mi) apart, and the Germans left their main supply depots west of the Don, which had important implications later in the course of the battle. исслед. Stalin's Order No. He said that he had been taken by surprise. The public mood was sullen, depressed, fearful, and war-weary. [21] After their defeat at Stalingrad, the German High Command had to withdraw considerable military forces from other theaters of war to replace their losses.[22]. [98], The fighting forced a total revaluation of the German situation. Russia has held, Egypt for the present is safe. Soldats: 1 000 500. A new base was established some 300 km (190 mi) from Stalingrad at Salsk, the additional distance would become another obstacle to the resupply efforts. The Luftwaffe also lost close to 1,000 highly experienced bomber crew personnel. La bataille de Stalingrad est la succession des combats qui, du 17 juillet 1942 au 2 février 1943, ont opposé les forces de l'URSS à celles du Troisième Reich et de ses alliés assaillant la ville de Stalingrad. Around 40,000 civilians were taken to Germany as slave workers, some fled during battle and a small number were evacuated by the Soviets, but by February 1943 only 10,000 to 60,000 civilians were still alive. Le 28, de violents combats eurent lieu autour des usines Barricades et Octobre Rouge. Booking is fast and completely free of charge. Anton Joly, Stalingrad Battle Atlas, Volume I (2017), 340-360. By 12 September, at the time of their retreat into the city, the Soviet 62nd Army had been reduced to 90 tanks, 700 mortars and just 20,000 personnel. "[103] On 24 January, in his radio report to Hitler, Paulus reported "18,000 wounded without the slightest aid of bandages and medicines. In the porch lay the skeleton of a horse, with only a few scraps of meat still clinging to its ribs. And we all – it's true – felt better. According to Stephen Walsh: Romanian casualties were 158,854. It only feels like stealing, but trust us, it’s totally above board. Now "each part of the cauldron came personally under Hitler. The 51st Army Corps' 295th Infantry Division went after the Mamayev Kurgan hill, the 71st attacked the central rail station and toward the central landing stage on the Volga, while 48th Panzer Corps attacked south of the Tsaritsa River. Nevertheless, the fighting continued, especially on the slopes of Mamayev Kurgan and inside the factory area in the northern part of the city. Hitler reiterated that the Sixth Army would stay at Stalingrad and that the air bridge would supply it until the encirclement was broken by a new German offensive. [119], The USSR, according to archival figures, suffered 1,129,619 total casualties; 478,741 personnel killed or missing, and 650,878 wounded or sick. The prisoners included 22 generals. [102]:930 Hitler rejected it on a point of honour. Find the travel option that best suits you. A ceremonial Sword of Stalingrad was forged by King George VI. at Stalingrad – Catherine Merridale notes that, seemingly paradoxically, "their response was frequently relief. Deuxième Guerre Mondiale Militaire Histoire Maisons Nagasaki Hiroshima Photos Militaires Histoire Militaire Fukushima A significant historical debate concerns the degree of terror in the Red Army. Every day! Battle for Stalingrad: the 1943 Soviet General Staff study. On 30 January 1943, the tenth anniversary of his coming to power, Hitler chose not to speak. Some German holdouts continued to operate in the city and resist until early March 1943. David Glantz indicated[42] that four hard-fought battles – collectively known as the Kotluban Operations – north of Stalingrad, where the Soviets made their greatest stand, decided Germany's fate before the Nazis ever set foot in the city itself, and were a turning point in the war. [34][35][36][37] Italian forces were generally held in little regard by the Germans, and were accused of low morale: in reality, the Italian divisions fought comparatively well, with the 3rd Mountain Infantry Division Ravenna and 5th Infantry Division Cosseria showing spirit, according to a German liaison officer. Other losses included 42 Ju 86s, 9 Fw 200 Condors, 5 He 177 bombers and 1 Ju 290. The civilians were often sent into battle without rifles. 28 sept. 2013 - Cette épingle a été découverte par Vinnie Conte. [133], At this point, the British had won the Battle of El Alamein in November 1942. From the Soviet bridgehead at Mamon, 15 divisions – supported by at least 100 tanks – attacked the Italian Cosseria and Ravenna Divisions, and although outnumbered 9 to 1, the Italians initially fought well, with the Germans praising the quality of the Italian defenders,[97] but on 19 December, with the Italian lines disintegrating, ARMIR headquarters ordered the battered divisions to withdraw to new lines. Ice floes on the Volga now prevented boats and tugs from supplying the Soviet defenders. Le 26 janvier 1943, une attaque soviétique coupe les lignes allemandes en deux. The implication was clear: if Paulus surrendered, he would shame himself and would become the highest ranking German officer ever to be captured. About fifty Red Army defenders, cut off from resupply, held the position for five days and fought off ten different assaults before running out of ammunition and water. Thinly spread, deployed in exposed positions, outnumbered and poorly equipped, the Romanian 3rd Army, which held the northern flank of the German 6th Army, was overrun. Even with the desperate situation of the Sixth Army, Army Group A continued their invasion of the Caucasus further south from 19 November until 19 December. Seeing no point in continuing, he sent a radio message saying that his command had done its duty and fought to the last man. La batalla de Stalingrado,la tumba de más de dos millones de soldados,nunca en la historia de la humanidad murieron tantos soldados en un campo de batalla. [92][93], Adolf Hitler had declared in a public speech (in the Berlin Sportpalast) on 30 September 1942 that the German army would never leave the city. Before the Heer reached the city itself, the Luftwaffe had cut off shipping on the Volga, vital for bringing supplies into the city. In another part of the city, a Soviet platoon under the command of Sergeant Yakov Pavlov fortified a four-story building that oversaw a square 300 meters from the river bank, later called Pavlov's House. The 6th Army slowly starved. These bridgeheads in retrospect presented a serious threat to Army Group B. By the spring of 1942, despite the failure of Operation Barbarossa to decisively defeat the Soviet Union in a single campaign, the Wehrmacht had captured vast expanses of territory, including Ukraine, Belarus, and the Baltic republics. The attempt to break through to Stalingrad was abandoned and Army Group A was ordered to pull back from the Caucasus. The Germans lost 900 aircraft (including 274 transports and 165 bombers used as transports), 500 tanks and 6,000 artillery pieces. [136] The Turkish Consul in Moscow predicted that "the lands which the Germans have destined for their living space will become their dying space". [33]:159, 166–67, On 23 December, the attempt to relieve Stalingrad was abandoned and Manstein's forces switched over to the defensive to deal with new Soviet offensives. The German offensive to capture Stalingrad began in August 1942, using the 6th Army and elements of the 4th Panzer Army. Документы особого отдела НКВД Сталинградского фронта", Leavenworth Papers No. [30]:153 Transport aircraft also evacuated technical specialists and sick or wounded personnel from the besieged enclave. Daily sorties decreased from 1,343 per day to 975 per day. Le 19 novembre 1942, 3 000 canons et orgues de Staline écrasent les lignes ennemies. The delay is thought to have delayed the advance at least one week. Hrvatska pukovnija 369. na Istočnom bojištu 1941–1943. How three million Germans died after VE Day. [28]:142[129][130] The Red Army had the initiative, and the Wehrmacht was in retreat. A common saying was: "You cannot stop an army which has done Stalingrad." Only 27 of the latter were lost in combat, however, the remaining 54 being abandoned after breaking down or running out of fuel. Na Heurece využíváme personalizaci a cílenou reklamu. At a meeting shortly after the Soviet encirclement, German army chiefs pushed for an immediate breakout to a new line on the west of the Don, but Hitler was at his Bavarian retreat of Obersalzberg in Berchtesgaden with the head of the Luftwaffe, Hermann Göring. The planned summer offensive, code-named Fall Blau (Case Blue), was to include the German 6th, 17th, 4th Panzer and 1st Panzer Armies. horses' skeletons, and to the right, there was an enormous horrible cesspool – fortunately, frozen solid. It fought as part of the 100th Jäger Division. Bataille De Stalingrad. "We had had to pay a high cost in men and material...left on the Kalach battlefield were numerous burnt-out or shot-up German tanks. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFManstein2004 (. [Note 7], As historian Chris Bellamy notes, the Germans paid a high strategic price for the aircraft sent into Stalingrad: the Luftwaffe was forced to divert much of its air strength away from the oil-rich Caucasus, which had been Hitler's original grand-strategic objective. The Soviets did not bother employing tanks in areas where the urban destruction restricted their mobility. For both Stalin and Hitler, Stalingrad became a matter of prestige far beyond its strategic significance. Mais ils butent contre la résistance acharnée des soldats et des partisans soviétiques. [40]:401 He remained in the Soviet Union until 1952, then moved to Dresden in East Germany, where he spent the remainder of his days defending his actions at Stalingrad and was quoted as saying that Communism was the best hope for postwar Europe. Without any soldiers to defend the airfield, it was abandoned under heavy fire; in a little under an hour, 108 Ju 52s and 16 Ju 86s took off for Novocherkassk – leaving 72 Ju 52s and many other aircraft burning on the ground. [123] Bartov reported that a great many of the soldiers were well aware that they would not be able to escape from Stalingrad but in their letters to their families boasted that they were proud to "sacrifice themselves for the Führer".[123]. The initial advance of the 6th Army was so successful that Hitler intervened and ordered the 4th Panzer Army to join Army Group South (A) to the south. After the Battle of Stalingrad, even the tone of the Nazi propaganda changed. Carte animée présentant les deux phases de la bataille de Stalingrad [citation needed]. Most notably, he promoted Paulus to the rank of Generalfeldmarschall. La Resultat Du Bataille Au fin du bataille plus que 2 million de personnes ont ete tuees. This armed resistance continued until 15 February and in a few areas until 20 February. [1]:122–23 According to a contemporary Soviet report, 5,762 guns, 1,312 mortars, 12,701 heavy machine guns, 156,987 rifles, 80,438 sub-machine guns, 10,722 trucks, 744 aircraft; 1,666 tanks, 261 other armoured vehicles, 571 half-tracks and 10,679 motorcycles were captured by the Soviets. The battle degenerated into house-to-house fighting, as both sides poured reinforcements into the city. Some 35,000 were eventually sent on transports, of which 17,000 did not survive. Before Operation Uranus, the 1st Romanian Armoured Division consisted of 121 R-2 light tanks and 19 German-produced tanks (Panzer III and IV). The main attack (led by the 14th Panzer and 305th Infantry Divisions) attacked towards the tractor factory, while another assault led by the 24th Panzer Division hit to the south of the giant plant. La bataille de Stalingrad (Documents) (French Edition) Les flancs sont tenus par les unités des pays satellites du Reich, des Roumains, des Hongrois et des Italiens. This force grew to 1,600 in early September by withdrawing forces from the. From 28 June to 20 September, Luftflotte 4's original strength of 1,600 aircraft, of which 1,155 were operational, fell to 950, of which only 550 were operational. "[28], During the siege, the German and allied Italian, Hungarian, and Romanian armies protecting Army Group B's north and south flanks had pressed their headquarters for support. Par Vikidia, l’encyclopédie pour les jeunes, qui explique aux enfants et à ceux qui veulent une présentation simple d'un sujet. Place de la Bataille de Stalingrad map - Place de la Bataille de Stalingrad Michelin maps, with map scales from 1/1 000 000 to 1/200 000 This Army Group was created on 21 November 1942 from parts of Army Group B in order for it to hold the line between. In autumn, the Soviet generals Georgy Zhukov and Aleksandr Vasilevsky, responsible for strategic planning in the Stalingrad area, concentrated forces in the steppes to the north and south of the city.
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